CASR number: 79-10-7
Synonyms: 2-Propenoic acid, acrylsyre, acide acrylique acido acrilico, acrylzuur, ethylenecarboxylic acid, vinylformic acid, acroleic acid.
Acrylic Acid is also called propenonic acid and acroleic acid. Acrylic acid is made by condensing hydrocyanic acid with ethylene oxide, followed by reaction with sulphuric acid. It is also made from acetylene, carbon monoxide and water in the presence of nickel catalyst. In another method, propylene is vapour-oxidized to acrolein, which is oxidized to acrylic acid at 300oC with molybdenum – vanadium catalyst.
This is a colourless liquid with an acid odour. It polymerizes readily to poly (acrylic acid). It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether. It melts at 12oC and boils at 141oC. It is combustible and is an irritant and corrosive to skin and toxic by inhalation. LD50 value orally in rats is 2.59 gm/kg. Acrylic acid is used in the manufacture of poly (acrylic acid) and poly (methacrylic acid) and other acrylic polymers.
Butyl acrylate is made by the reaction of acrylic acid or methyl acrylate with butyl alcohol. Butyl acrylate is used as one of the monomers for producing binders used in pigment printing. Acrylic resins are thermoplastic polymers, co-polymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or styrene.
The main use of acrylic acid is as feedstock for the production of commodity chemicals, notably acrylate esters. The esters are responsible for many desirable features in polymers such as acid and base resistance, optical properties, in addition to heat and aging resistance. Notable esters include the methyl ester of acrylic acid which is used as a copolymer component of acrylic acid fibers. The ethyl ester finds applications in the fabrication of paints, both water and solvent based, while the butyl ester is used mainly in adhesives. Acrylic acid polymerizes easily to give polyacrylic acid. This polymer is important for coatings, paints, adhesives, and other textiles.
Butyl acrylate is made by the reaction of acrylic acid or methyl acrylate with butyl alcohol. Butyl acrylate is used as one of the monomers for producing binders used in pigment printing. Acrylic resins are thermoplastic polymers, co-polymers or terpolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or styrene.
The main use of acrylic acid is as feedstock for the production of commodity chemicals, notably acrylate esters. The esters are responsible for many desirable features in polymers such as acid and base resistance, optical properties, in addition to heat and aging resistance. Notable esters include the methyl ester of acrylic acid which is used as a copolymer component of acrylic acid fibers. The ethyl ester finds applications in the fabrication of paints, both water and solvent based, while the butyl ester is used mainly in adhesives. Acrylic acid polymerizes easily to give polyacrylic acid. This polymer is important for coatings, paints, adhesives, and other textiles.
The primary use of acrylic acid is in the production of acrylic esters and resins, which are used primarily in coatings and adhesives. It is also used in oil treatment chemicals, detergent intermediates, water treatment chemicals, and water absorbent polyacrylic acid polymers. Acrylic acid is used widely for polymerization, including production of polyacrylates. It is a monomer for polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids and other acrylic polymers. It is used in the manufacture of plastics, as a tackifier, as a flocculant, in the production of water-soluble resins and salts, as a comonomer in acrylic emulsion and solution polymers and in molding powder for signs, construction units, decorative emblems and insignias. It is used in polymer solutions for coatings applications, in paint formulations, in leather finishings, in paper coatings, in polishes and adhesives and in general finishes and binders.
Acrylic acid has traditionally been used as the raw material for acrylic esters – methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. These bulk acrylates were originally used to produce solvent-based acrylic resins but environmental concerns over solvent use led to the development of water-based acrylics. Applications for water-based acrylics are primarily in decorative, masonry and industrial coatings but other uses include adhesives, paper and leather coatings, polishes, carpet backing compounds and tablet coatings.
Physical properties
Acrylic acid is a corrosive, colourless liquid with an acrid odour.
Boiling Point. : 141.0°C
Melting Point. : 14.0°C
Flash Point. : 68°C (open cup)
Vapour Density. : 2.45
Density : 1.0511 at 20°C
Vapour Pressure. : 3.1 mm Hg at 20°C
Chemical properties
It is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. It polymerizes readily in the presence of oxygen. Exothermic polymerization at room temperature may cause acrylic acid to become explosive if confined. It is sensitive to heat and sunlight. It is normally supplied as the inhibited monomer (inhibited with 200 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether), but because of its relatively high freezing point it often partly solidifies and the solid phase (and the vapour) will then be free of the inhibitor which remains in the liquid phase. Even the un-inhibited form may be stored safely below the melting point, but such material will polymerize exothermically at ambient temperature and may accelerate to a violent or explosive state if confined. It is also a fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Acrylic acid is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong bases, strong alkalies and pure nitrogen. It may polymerize (sometimes explosively) on contact with amines, ammonia, oleum and chlorosulfonic acid, iron salts and peroxides. It may corrode iron and steel.
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Styrene Monomer
Methyl Methaacrylate
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